After King Albert was defeated, captured and released by Danish-Swedish coalition army in 1389, he failed to pay off the compensatory military expenditure within three years, and was forced to renounce his throne. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article. The Union Era begins. Christian I pledged the Northern Isles to Scotland as insurance for his daughter’s dowery in 1468; when the dowery wasn’t paid the islands transferred to perpetual Scottish sovereignty in 1470. All the events are represented on the interactive timeline and can be visualized. Despite being under the same union, but the member kingdoms reserved their respective positions as a kingdom; they had the domestic autonomy and were ruled by local parliaments in accordance with original local laws; but the foreign affairs and defense were governed by the common monarch. The treaty that unified the crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway in 1397, dissolved in 1523. In these time gaps, the de facto ruler of Sweden was usually a regent elected among native nobles. 1537 The Kalmar Union collapsed after Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa became the king of Sweden in 1523. ... being de facto dissolved in 1822, when Brazil proclaimed its independence. After the Kalmar Castle tour, we were off to Copenhagen . Kalmar, Union of the the treaty which joined together the Crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway in 1397, dissolved in 1523. Den nordiske trestatsunions epoke 1397–1521, Copenhagen: Nordisk ministerråd/Gyldendal/Liber, 1979, Gustafsson, Harald. Kalmar Union, combination of the three crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, effected at Kalmar, Sweden, by Queen Margaret I in 1397. To read about Norway's border changes during 1380-1814 click on The Kalmar Union and Denmark during the new age . You get to keep the benefits of letting the union dissolve naturally (dynastys, etc. Swedes were unhappy to see the increasing Danish connection with Schleswig, Holstein, Mecklenburg and Pomerania in Germany, as the Swedish economy heavily relied on the export of iron ore to European continent, especially Germany. Charles Bonde, for example, was made king of Sweden three times by nationalists there, in 1440, 1464 and 1467. Margaret I ruled Denmark 1387–1412, Norway 1388–1389, and Sweden 1389–1412, Christian II ruled Denmark and Norway 1513–1523; Sweden 1520–1521, Albrectsen, Esben, Fælleskabet bliver til. Margaret promised the nobles that their political influence and privileges would be preserved; and Eric of Pomerania, who had become the king of Norway (as the “Eric III of Norway”) since 1389 with the support of Margaret, also took over the thrones of Denmark and Sweden in 1396. The great union she created dissolved in a short time, and its downfall was as sudden as its elevation had been extraordinary. 1523 The Kalmar Union is dissolved as the Swedes revolt after the "Stockholm bloodbath" performed by King Christian II of Denmark. In 1376, Olaf inherited the throne of Denmark from his maternal grandfather and became the Olaf II of Denmark; while his mother Margaret became his guardian. In 1397, the Kalmar Union was formed uniting Sweden, Denmark and Norway under a single leader. Gustav Vasa was elected the king of Sweden again in June 6, 1523. Sweden and the Duchy of Mecklenburg formed a personal union under the rule of King Albert. In 1534, Norway was deprived of the status of kingdom, and became a province of Denmark. This massacre caused the uprising in Dalarna County. [8] Diverging interests (especially the Swedish nobility's dissatisfaction with the dominant role played by Denmark and Holstein) gave rise to a conflict that would hamper the union in several intervals starting in the 1430s. The Kalmar Union was dissolved however, in 1523, and a long period of war and bloodshed followed. The Tyr battleship was designed and built in Saaremaa, and Saaremaan engineers are currently experimenting with submarine technology. ... the terms of the Treaty of Oland (1894) Prussia became an independent country. In 1388, the political opponents of Albert elected Margaret to be the regent of Swedish territory controlled by them, and promised to assist her conquering the rest of Swedish territory. A short telling of the night the Kalmar Union dissolved. In 1380, Olaf took over the throne of Norway after Haakon VI passed away. Her father was, as we have seen, Waldemar Atterdag, her mother Queen Hedevig, and she became queen of Denmark and Norway in 1387. After the Northern Seven Years' War, the Treaty of Stettin (1570) saw Frederick II renounce all claims to Sweden, officially dissolving the union. By that time, the three Nordic kingdoms were all under the rule of the same regent. Following the Union’s dissolution, all remaining overseas possessions brought into the Union by Norway became property of the Danish monarch; who retained ownership following the transfer of the Kingdom of Norway from the Danish crown to Swedish crown (discusses in further detail below) after the Napoleonic Wars. Former countries similar to or like Kalmar Union. Though Norway claimed suzerainty over the island prior to the Union’s formation, it had long since ceased exercising any administrative control over the European settlements there. Although this entailed some bloodshed, turmoil, and uncertainty over a 2-year period, it was by and large not at all a terrible happening. This union was dissolved in 1523 when nobleman Gustav Vasa deposed the Danish king of the Union and became the elected king of Sweden. Nationalist forces used the election procedure to modify terms of the union. The parties struggled mainly over two issues: for or against Hanseatic influence and for or … Determining Dissolved Organic Carbon Flows into the Gulf of Alaska, Eos (2021). 1397 The Kalmar Union is formed, a personal union between the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, formed in 1397 and dissolved in 1523. Margaret was married to Haakon VI at the age of 10, and their son Olaf IV was confirmed to be the heir to the Norwegian throne. The Member States of The Kalmar … Iceland, which legally became a Danish colony in 1814, became an independent country in 1918 in a personal union, which would end in 1944. More personally, it was achieved by Queen Margaret I of Denmark (1353–1412). In 1905, Norway became independent from Sweden peacefully. Berwald is leaving, and Tino is going with him, though he knows the master of their house won't let them go willingly. Topic. 1520 - Danish forces invade Sweden and execute rebellious nobility in the "Stockholm Bloodbath." Arguably, the most significant political event in Kalmar during the Middle Ages was the formation of the Kalmar Union in 1397 in which Sweden, Norway and Denmark were members. Birger jarl skyddsbrev för Karelens kvinnor 001.jpg 1,789 × 992; 721 KB. ), but you also get a bunch of your land and put yourself back in an advantageous position to expand afterwards. The Kalmar Union. Kalmar Union, combination of the three crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, effected at Kalmar, Sweden, by Queen Margaret I Margaret I, 1353–1412, queen of Denmark, Norway, an During the time of the Vasa kings Gustav I, Erik XIV and Johan III, the castle was redesigned into the … Nominal possession. Margaret succeeded in having her son Olaf recognized as heir to the throne of Denmark. There had been 5 monarchs and 12 regents since Margaret I in total 93 year. Union between Norway and Sweden under a common monarch. Under the help of Hanseatic League, he led his army to defeat Danish army and re-capture Stockholm in 1523, and restored the independence of Sweden. Although the Kalmar Union had collapsed after Sweden restored independence, but Denmark and Norway maintained the union relationship. The Old Kingdom of Sweden was a nation in mainland Scandinavia that was founded on July 12, 2019. World War II One of the worst battles was the during the Kalmar War with Denmark-Norway, which took place between 1611 and 1613. DOI: 10.1029/2021EO153233 Provided by American Geophysical Union At that time, Albert had some disputes with the leaders of nobles. [10][11] Norway continued to remain a part of the realm of Denmark–Norway under the Oldenburg dynasty for nearly three centuries, until it was transferred to Sweden in 1814. [4] Eric was subsequently elected King of Denmark and Sweden in 1396. In practice, the Kalmar Union fell apart when Sweden rebelled and became independent on 6 June 1523 and Gustav I of Sweden was elected as king there. Main article: Kalmar Union in WWII During the years before the Second World War, the countries of the Kalmar Union strove to maintain their neutrality in the face of the coming conflict. One main impetus for its formation was to block German expansion northward into the Baltic region. After the founding of this Scandinavian personal union in Swedish city Kalmar in the June of 1397, Norway, Sweden and Denmark became under a common monarch. For a somewhat different view see Steinar Imsen, "The Union of Calmar: Northern Great Power or Northern German Outpost?" The union was not quite continuous; there were several short interruptions. You can review all the cause-and-effect relations of timeline Something I like to do as Sweden is declare an independence war, take back my cores, but not claim independence, and wait for the union to end afterwards from Denmark's low prestige. 1349 The Black Death, a contagious bubonic plague, reaches Norway claiming perhaps as much as 50% of its population. Today, Faroe Islands and Greenland remain the territories of Denmark. Kalmar Union is similar to these former countries: Union between Sweden and Norway, Kingdom of Norway (872–1397), Kingdom of Norway (1814) and more. There was no major civil war anything like the War for Southern Independence. Harald Gustafsson, "A State that Failed?" In the aftermath of Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union in 1521, civil war and the Protestant Reformation followed in Denmark and in Norway. 1.1. Dissolved, abolished or demolished: 1523 (statement with Gregorian date earlier than 1584) Population: 4,000,000 (1500) 55° 40′ 00.12″ N, 12° 34′ 00.12″ E. ... Media in category "Kalmar Union" The following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. Larsson, Lars-Olof, Kalmarunionens tid. 1523. [4] His coronation was held in Kalmar on 17 June 1397.[7]. The Union lost territory when the Northern Isles were pledged by Christian I, in his capacity as King of Norway, as security against the payment of the dowry of his daughter Margaret, betrothed to James III of Scotland in 1468. Thus, Margaret’s position in Sweden was consolidated. Because the kingship was elective in all three countries, the union could not be maintained by inheritance. On June 17 of 1397, diplomatic representatives from Denmark, Sweden and Norway held a meeting in a fortress in southern Swedish city Kalmar (which is very close to Swedish-Danish border), and signed the Treaty of Kalmar. Kalmar Union, combination of the three crowns of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway, effected at Kalmar, Sweden, by Queen Margaret I Margaret I, ... as king of Sweden dissolved the union. Gustav Vasa's election as king on 6 June 1523, and his triumphant entry into Stockholm eleven days later, marked Sweden's final secession from the Kalmar Union. This was known to history as the “Stockholm Bloodbath”. Duke Konstantin converted to Lutheranism in 1546 and the Bishopric of Osel's lands were dissolved two years later. But during the union age, the king of Denmark did not always act concurrently as the regent or king of Sweden. The money was never paid, so in 1472 the islands were annexed by the Kingdom of Scotland.[9]. But Norway and its overseas dependencies remained under the rule of Odenburg dynasty for centuries in the name of Denmark-Norway, till the official ending of mutual alliance relationship. in Christopher Ocker, ed. No direct contact took place between Greenland and the Kalmar Union during the time period. Denmark and Norway remain united, however. The union of Denmark and Norway lasted, however, until 1814. In 1944, Iceland became independent from Denmark. In practice, the Kalmar Union fell apart when Sweden rebelled and became independent on 6 June 1523 and Gustav I of Sweden was elected as king there. Estonia accepts Swedish sovereignty in return for protection from Russian raids. 1, 1380–1536, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1997, Carlsson, Gottfrid, Medeltidens nordiska unionstanke, Stockholm: Gebers, 1945, Christensen, Aksel E., Kalmarunionen og nordisk politik 1319–1439, Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1980, Enemark, Poul, Fra Kalmarbrev til Stockholms blodbad. ... it does still lead Europe in naval technology. Below are a few pictures of the Kalmar Castle and the gardens that surround it. Brevarium Strengnense.jpg 2,251 × 1,558; 1.49 MB. Tell a friend about us, add a link to this page, or visit the webmaster's page for free fun content. Norway retained none of her prior possessions however. In Kalmar, 15-year-old Eric became the common monarch of the three kingdoms after being crowned by Danish and Swedish archbishops, but the union remained under the control of Margaret till her death in 1412. In modern days, the Coronation Day of Gustav Vasa is the national day of Sweden, but it was not designated as a national holiday until 2005. To break the trade dominance of Hanseatic League in the Baltic and maintain outward expansion, Denmark annexed Schleswig and Holstein after long wars. Antonyms: establish, found 1.2. In 1521, Swedish nobleman Gustav Vasa established an anti-Denmark army in Dalarna County. The ensuing union between Sweden and Norway lasted until 1905, when a grandson of both the incumbent king of Denmark and the late king of Sweden was elected king of Norway. 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